2019-20 LSAT Costs and Fee Waivers

The basic fee for the LSAT during the 2019-2020 academic year is $200, and this  cost increases for each law school to which you apply. Additional fees include things like test date changes, test center changes, and handscoring of your exam. A typical law school applicant will often spend over $500 on the LSAT, and nearly all law schools require the LSAT. The tables below provide details on the fees associated with the LSAT. Basic Fees The LSAT Test $200 Basic fee includes Digital LSAT and LSAT Writing Credential Assembly Service (CAS) $195 LSAC's service that summarizes undergrad transcripts, creates law school reports, and processes letters of recommendation and electronic law school applications. Your CAS account remains active for 5 years. Law School Report $45 The LSAC provides a Law School Report to each law school to which you apply. The Law School Report includes an academic summary report, LSAT scores and writing sample, transcripts, admission index, and letters of recommendation. Standalone LSAT Writing test $15 For applicants who wish to retake the LSAT Writing LSAC offers package options if you’re sure that you will be applying to one or more law schools after taking the exam. The single-report package and six-report package include the LSAT, LSAT Writing, CAS, and Law School Report(s). The packages offer a small discount over individual pricing. Auxiliary Fees Test Center Change $125 Fee to change testing location. You may choose another available test center before the change deadline. Test Date Change $125 Fee to change the date of your LSAT exam to another date within the same testing year. The date change request must be made before the deadline for your current test administration. Handscoring (optional) $100 After you receive your LSAT Score Report, you may request handscoring if you believe your test has been scored incorrectly.Requests for handscoring must be received no later than 40 days from the test date. Nonpublished Domestic Test Centers $295 If you can't travel to a published/listed test center, and you're farther than 100 miles from an open, published center, you may request to test elsewhere. The nonpublished test center fee for Domestic Test Centers is in addition to the LSAT Test Fee. Nonpublished International Test Centers $390 The nonpublished test center fee for International Test Centers. This fee is in addition to the LSAT Test Fee. LSAT Registration Refund $50 Partial refund for LSAT registration fees. Request for a refund must be made before the refund request deadline for your test administration date.Note that change of test date, change of test center, and nonpublished test center fees are not refundable. CAS Registration Refund $50 Partial refund for Credential Assembly Service (CAS) fees may be requested as long as transcript summary process has not begun, no letters of recommendation have been received, no electronic applications have been sent to LSAC for processing, and CAS registration has not expired. LSAT Fee Waivers Fee waivers for the LSAT are available, but the criteria to qualify for a waiver are stringent. Those eligible to be considered for LSAT Fee Waivers are limited to U.S., Canadian, or Australian citizens, U.S. nationals, U.S. permanent resident aliens, those who have applied for or been granted deferred action under DACA, permanent residents of Canada, or refugees in Canada.   Qualified applicants need to meet specific standards, and, according to LSAC, â€Å"only those with extreme need should apply.† After submitting an application for a fee waiver, applicants will be required to submit federal tax forms for verification. If qualified, the waivers will cover two LSAT tests, which must be taken within a two-year period, one LSAT writing, one CAS registration, and six CAS Law School Reports. Those applying to more than six schools will need to cover the additional costs independently. Note that some law schools will waive application fees for LSAC fee waiver recipients. The LSAC website provides additional information about how to apply for the LSAT fee waiver. Case Studies The $200 LSAT exam fee represents just a portion of the costs associated with applying to law school. Chances are you are going to pay $500 or more in total LSAT costs as the examples below illustrate. Greta  is applying to five law schools, and each of those schools requires the Credential Assembly Service. She will need to pay for the LSAT registration, CAS, and five score reports. Her situation is typical of most law school applicants. Total Cost: $620.Justin registered for the LSAT, and he is planning on applying to eight law schools, but he had to change his testing date. Each of those schools either requires or recommends the Credential Assembly Service. Justin will get billed for the LSAT, testing date change, CAS, and eight score reports. Total Cost: $880.Fernando is applying to six law schools. The first time he takes the LSAT, he doesnt get scores that are strong enough to be admitted to his top choice schools, so he takes the LSAT again. When a family crisis comes up, he has to change his test center location. His schools all require the Credential Assembly Service. Fernando will need to pay for the LSAT twice, CAS, his test center change, and six score reports. Total Cost: $990.   Source â€Å"LSAT CAS Fees and Refunds.†Ã‚  The Law School Admission Council. Article edited and expanded by Allen Grove

Essay about The Representation of Power in Cormiers The...

Inspired by the actions of his son, Robert Cormier decided to write this novel titled The Chocolate War. Cormier’s son Peter, had refused to sell chocolates at his school’s annual sale as a matter of principle (Kemp1), so Cormier thought that it would be an interesting plot for a book. In this book, Robert Cormier introduces us to many characters that personify evil in order to try to control and manipulate each other to gain power. The concept of power is represented in many different ways throughout this novel. In this paper I will explain how power is represented in The Chocolate War, and how it works. I will explain the different kinds of power that operate in the school. Also I will explain whether the protagonist Jerry Renault†¦show more content†¦In chapter 3 we are reminded that The Chocolate War is also a coming of age novel. When Jerry looks at the pornographic magazine, he is now beginning to want to know and understand the processes of adolesce nt and adulthood. So he buys a magazine with the curiosity of what kind of satisfaction the other kids were receiving by glaring at the images in the magazines. He is in that stage of wanting to be accepted. Cormier made Jerry’s character out to be an outcast, being the one that would always get beaten up by the bully. Which proved to be correct when Emile Janza, the school’s bully begins to pick on him. Although Emile was the school’s bully he too, respected the Vigils to a certain extent. Archie was also a bully, but he bullied the minds of the other kids. He did not resort to physical abuse but he indeed psychologically bullied people including Emile Janza. Fear also played a factor throughout this story. Fear is what made the Goober go into Brother Eugene’s room and loosen all of the screws from the furniture. This brings us back to the psychological bullying of Archie, because the Goober was mentally sick when he found out that the actions of his assignment had made Brother Eugene sick. The other students were also frightened by the Vigils so they to carried out any assignments that they were given. This story is written with a lot of hidden symbols and meanings within the events that occur. Jerry also feared the Vigils at first but as the story

Gaming and Social Networking

Question: Discuss about the Gaming and Social Networking. Answer: Introduction: In present time, utilization of advance technology has completely changed the way people live their live all across the world. The emergence of social media has transformed the way of communication for the people. Specially, social media has become an integral part of teenagers life. It is found that majority of the teenagers utilize social media to share their daily life incident. On the other hand, sales of advanced video games have also increased over the past few years. It indicates that teenagers are becoming more and more addicted towards the digital world. However, studies have also found that the rate of violence among the teenagers have decreased in a considerable manner over the past few years. For that reason, many studies have argued that increased popularity of social media and video games have reduced the violent instinct among the teenagers. However, many studies have also contradicted the argument that increase popularity of social media and video games has made posit ive impact on the violence instinct of the teenagers. Thus, the study will try to evaluate the exact amount of positive impact that social media and video games have made on the number of violence committed by the teenagers. In the present time, excessive use of social media and gaming services have influences many entrepreneurs to develop small businesses like caf and other gaming platform. Therefore, it also increases the possibility of new business development. Problem statement: It has been identified that majority of the teenagers like to play video games that contain violence or aggression. Therefore, it is often perceived that over addiction of social media and video games actually influence teenagers to become more aggressive. On the other hand, statistics of last few years are describing completely contrasting picture. For that reason, the study will focus on all the perspectives related to social media and video games in order to analyze the kind of impact it can have on the mind of the teenagers. Research aim: The prime aim of the research is to identify the extent to which social networking and video gaming can have positive impact over the violent behavior of the teenagers. Research objectives: The objectives of the study are as follows: To analyze the behavioral changes of the teenagers due to excessive addiction of video games and social media To examine the extent to which video games and social media can have positive impact the small businesses To evaluate the possibility by which social media and video games can have adverse impact on the aggressive behavioral changes of the teenagers To analyze the impact of increasing popularity in the development of new business opportunities To recommend the best possible way through which video games and social media can further reduce the aggressiveness of the teenagers Research questions: Main research question: How can excessive addiction of social media and video games change the behavioral pattern of the teenagers? Sub-questions: How far can video games and social media have positive impact on the development of small business? What are the negative aspects of social media and video games that can create adverse impact on the behavioral pattern of the teenagers? How increasing popularity of social media and video game can develop new business opportunities? What is the best possible way to reduce further the aggressiveness of the teenagers by utilizing social media and video games? Literature review: Impact of social networking on teenagers: As per the study by Jerabeck Ferguson (2013), social media has become a routine activity of teenagers all across the world. For that reason, it has been assessed that social media enhancing the social connection, communication and even technical skills of the teenagers. Different social media platforms like MySpace and Facebook offers multiple daily opportunities for sharing their interest with classmates and friends. According to Hasan et al. (2013) number teenage social media users have increased in a significant way. In fact, it has been calculated that almost 22% of the teenagers login to their favorite social media platforms around 15 times a day. On the other hand, 75% of the teenagers use different social media platforms on their smartphones (Elson Ferguson, 2014). Therefore, they almost remain online constantly throughout the day. Furthermore, development of instant messaging apps on smartphones has improved the communication process. As a result, social media has improved the way of communication of the teenagers. As per the article by Hartmann, Mller Krause (2015) social media can also provide huge amount of benefits for mind and health development of the teenagers. For instance, social media platforms like Facebook and Twitter provides different types of options where teenage people can share their thoughts and beliefs in a much more effective way. Furthermore, it also provides teenage people the opportunity to get involved in different types of constructive aggressive argument procedure. For that reason Granic, Lobel Engels (2014) have mentioned that increasing popularity of social media is actually utilizing the aggressiveness of the teenagers for the development of the society. For instance, constructive argument always helps people to gain in-depth knowledge about the certain factors. Furthermore, it actually increasing the social reach of the teenagers, which definitely will create positive impact on the number of violence committed by the y oung generation. On the other hand, Ferguson (2013) mentioned that over utilization of social media actually influence people to live in an imaginary world. Furthermore, it has been assessed that excessive use of social media actually reduces the direct contact of the teenage. Thus, social media can also influence children and teenage to become un-socialized in the real world. Impact of video games on teenagers: Impact of video games on the mind of the children and teenagers are debated controversy amongst the researchers, policy makers, parents and video games manufacturers. As per the study by Schou-Andreassen et al. (2016), around 45% of the total video game sales are categorized under violent action games. Furthermore, it has been analyzed that around 90% of children and teenagers play video games that include violent content. As per the article by Greitemeyer Mgge (2014) violent video games has direct impact on the aggressive level of the teenagers. For that reason, the article has mentioned that violent video games can actually makes people anxious towards any particular factors. On the other hand, King et al. (2014) mentioned that video game increases the cognitive, spatial and visual ability of the teenagers. For that reason, it actually makes positive impact on the thinking process development of the teenagers. In addition, studies have identified that video games help to reduce th e level of frustration and depression amongst the teenagers. Conversely, Mazurek Wenstrup (2013) highlighted that Contra, Super Mario contains extreme violent sequence that actually making teenagers to think and acts more violently in the real world. However, modern video games have tried to include different sequence where teenagers have to think more. For that reason, it has created positive impact on the mind development process of the teenagers as well. Generally, action video games actually finish with a moral message (Boxer, Groves Docherty, 2015). Therefore, it also helps children to recognize between good and bad in an appropriate way. Literature gap: From the above discussion, it can be assessed that both social media and video games have contradictory views regarding its impact on reducing the aggressive nature of the teenagers. Different studies have highlighted different factors that can influence the behavioral pattern of the teenagers. Therefore, it can be identified that no unique solution is provided regarding the exact amount of impact that social media and video games can made on the behavioral pattern of the teenagers. Research methodology: As mentioned by Kothari Payne (2014) research methodology is an important factor that helps to evaluate different factors of the study and customize the outline of the research. It helps the research study to eliminate any factors that can create difficulties in fulfilling all the objectives of the research study. In order to evaluate the impact of social media and video games on the violent behavioral pattern of the teenagers, the study will utilize a systematic approach. It will help to add value to the research study. Research Philosophy: Research philosophy includes different typology that helps the research study to fulfill all the objectives of the research. The research philosophies that are generally utilized for the effective completion of the study are realism, positivism, naturalism, pragmatism and interpretivism (Wolfe et al., 2014). In this research study, the prime focus will be on the positivism philosophy. Since, it will help the research study to perform research experiments and test hypothesis so that it can able to evaluate all the factors effectively. Furthermore, it will also help to include mathematical application and logical arguments that eventually will add value to the outcome of the research study. Research approach: In order to evaluate the impact of social media and video game on the behavioral pattern of teenagers, the research study will select deductive approach. Traditionally, inductive and deductive are the two types of research approach that studies utilize for the successful complement of the objectives (Ewoldsen et al., 2012). However, the study will utilize deductive approach, as it will help collect practical information about the research study. In addition, deductive research approach will help the research study to include several models and theories related to the topic of the research. On the other hand, the study will not consider inductive approach, as will influence to include new concepts in the research study. Research design: As per the article by Kothari (2004) research design play a critical role to improve the information of the research framework. Three types of research design are present for analyzing the methods of research like explanatory, exploratory and descriptive design. For analyzing the impact of social media and video games on the behavioral pattern of the teenagers, the study will select descriptive research design. The descriptive research design helps the study to define approaches, application and theories. Therefore, it eventually minimizes the probability of errors at the time of fulfilling the objective of the study. Furthermore, descriptive research design will help to include effective analysis of the relevant data. Descriptive research design also helps to measure the prime factors regarding to the topic of the research study. Data collection procedure: As per the article by Breuer et al. (2015), selection of data collection is crucial for the successful completion of the research study. Data collection procedure helps to include practical information regarding to the topic of the research study. Traditionally, primary and secondary are the two ways that the studies utilize to collect appropriate data regarding the topic of the research study. For the successful completion of the research study, the focus will be on the primary data collection procedure. As the primary data collection procedure helps to collect raw data regarding the topic of the research study, it will help to identify actual impact of social media and video game. In this research study, survey procedure will be utilized for the collection of the primary data. However, the study will also depend on the reliable secondary data sources at the time of development of the literature review section. The study will utilize online platform for conducting the survey procedu re. The study will also utilize non-probability sampling techniques at the time of collecting primary data about the research topic. Data techniques: There are two data techniques namely quantitative and qualitative that research studies utilize at the time accumulating information about the research topic. In order to evaluate the impact of social media and video games on the behavioral pattern of the teenagers, the study will only focus on the quantitative data collection technique. The study will focus on the quantitative data collection technique to identify a particular pattern related to the objective of the research study. The research study will select 40 parents and 20 teachers in order to identify the behavioral changes pattern of the teenagers. Closed-end questionnaire will be utilized for the collection of quantitative data. However, the study will also utilize qualitative data collection techniques to analyze whether it can create positive impact on the new business opportunity as well. 20 entrepreneurs that are doing business in gaming platform and caf industry will asked qualitative questions to understand any busin ess perspective. The study will utilize email, telephone to collect qualitative data for the development of the study. Expected outcome of the study: From the above analysis, it can be expected that the research study will able to fulfill all the requirements of the research study. It can also be expected that the systematic implementation of the research process will help to complete the study within the given timeframe. It is also expected that the outcome of the research study will be able to represent a clear picture regarding the amount of positive impact that social media and video game can actually made on the violent behavioral pattern of the teenagers. From the opinion of the entrepreneurs, it is also expected that the study will be able to evaluate impact that increasing popularity of social media and video gaming can made on the new business development opportunities. References: Boxer, P., Groves, C. L., Docherty, M. (2015). Video Games Do Indeed Influence Children and Adolescents Aggression, Prosocial Behavior, and Academic Performance A Clearer Reading of Ferguson (2015).Perspectives on Psychological Science,10(5), 671-673. Breuer, J., Vogelgesang, J., Quandt, T., Festl, R. (2015). Violent video games and physical aggression: Evidence for a selection effect among adolescents.Psychology of Popular Media Culture,4(4), 305. Elson, M., Ferguson, C. J. (2014). Twenty-five years of research on violence in digital games and aggression.European Psychologist. Ewoldsen, D. R., Eno, C. A., Okdie, B. M., Velez, J. A., Guadagno, R. E., DeCoster, J. (2012). Effect of playing violent video games cooperatively or competitively on subsequent cooperative behavior.Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking,15(5), 277-280. Ferguson, C. J. (2013). Violent video games and the Supreme Court: lessons for the scientific community in the wake of Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association.American Psychologist,68(2), 57. Granic, I., Lobel, A., Engels, R. C. (2014). The benefits of playing video games.American Psychologist,69(1), 66. Greitemeyer, T., Mgge, D. O. (2014). Video games do affect social outcomes a meta-analytic review of the effects of violent and prosocial video game play.Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 0146167213520459. Hartmann, T., Mller, I., Krause, C. (2015). Factors underlying male and female use of violent video games.new media society,17(11), 1777-1794. Hasan, Y., Bgue, L., Scharkow, M., Bushman, B. J. (2013). The more you play, the more aggressive you become: A long-term experimental study of cumulative violent video game effects on hostile expectations and aggressive behavior.Journal of Experimental Social Psychology,49(2), 224-227. Jerabeck, J. M., Ferguson, C. J. (2013). The influence of solitary and cooperative violent video game play on aggressive and prosocial behavior.Computers in Human Behavior,29(6), 2573-2578. King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., Kaptsis, D., Zwaans, T. (2014). Adolescent simulated gambling via digital and social media: An emerging problem.Computers in Human Behavior,31, 305-313. Kothari, C. R. (2004).Research methodology: Methods and techniques. New Age International. Kothari, C. R., Payne, P. R. (2014). A Metadata based Knowledge Discovery Methodology for Seeding Translational Research.Studies in health technology and informatics,216, 1071-1071. Mazurek, M. O., Wenstrup, C. (2013). Television, video game and social media use among children with ASD and typically developing siblings.Journal of autism and developmental disorders,43(6), 1258-1271. Schou Andreassen, C., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study.Psychology of Addictive Behaviors,30(2), 252. Wolfe, J., Kar, K., Perry, A., Reynolds, C., Gradisar, M., Short, M. A. (2014). Single night video-game use leads to sleep loss and attention deficits in older adolescents.Journal of adolescence,37(7), 1003-1009.

Extrapolative Capital Asset Pricing Model - MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Extrapolative Capital Asset Pricing Model. Answer: Introduction The paper intends to find the output of the key proposed standards. Currently the National Australian Bank applies BASEL framework in the form of risk management initiative of the organization. As of 30th September 2015, NAB has kept equity capital ratio of 10.24%. The main process of capital adequacy management framework starts from evaluating and mapping all possible sources from where the risk can hit the system. The process takes into consideration all the scenarios under which the capital norms might be stretched, it looks into all the prevailing risks and then plan for it as needed. As per the regulatory requirement the target capital ratio lies between 8.75% to 9.25% (Barberis, 2015). The efficiency of the Australian banking system has been evaluated under two systems. The predictability of the whole system was kept at low and the outcome suggested that system was robust enough. Ongoing regulatory changes as the result of the financial crisis of 2007 and the long worldwide economic downturn that followed. This has created an overwhelming volume of market guidelines, legislation and regulations. These, in turn, are extremely complex, driving significant investment as financial institutions develop and implement their responses to complex IT, data and business requirements (Bodie, 2014). Banks that lack adequate enterprise-level systems to manage the risk in their businesses will be under additional pressure from regulators. As the digital banking enterprise matures, regulators are inevitably going to question the core IT components that will increasingly make business decisions in lieu of human intervention. Gartner expects that regulators will both audit and, eventually, legislate smart machine usage. For example, virtual personal assistants or virtual customer service agents in the form of algorithms do not require industry certification for providing financial advice. CIOs must be prepared to challenge their business peers as to the nature and efficacy of the algorithms used in this context (Dionne, 2013). They should also be prepared to document/record all nonhuman interactions, as well as develop "fail-safe" switches in the event of operational incidents. Another option is for the CIO to be more proactive in terms of addressing the needs of risk management/comp liance. For example, to ensure compliance objectives are more clearly understood, make bank systems more accessible to regulators by opening access to data, algorithms and applications to facilitate easier auditability. Conclusion Beyond the exercise of assessing operational risk from a NAB perspective, companies in many industries (including banking, insurance and securities) are seeking to measure operational risk on a quantitative basis. Some of the quantitative analysis is used to support capital calculation requirements driven by regulatory mandates, such as Basel III and Solvency II. Other quantitative analysis methods are used to develop more precise predictive models to determine the potential for certain operational risk events, such as fraud or theft. A history of operational incidents and/or loss events can be used to inform the risk assessment process and facilitate the identification of event causes. A stock market is considered to be efficient when the market price is balanced also having an unbiased estimate of the true value of the investment. The use of ORM solutions will help organisations improve data quality and support adequate reporting to national and international regulation authorities in order to avoid regulatory risks. Without the appropriate ORM solutions, organisations will not have adequate analysis and insight into their aggregate risk positions, or the ability to comply with new capital adequacy regulations, such as Basel III and Solvency II. It is very important to note that National Bank of Australia is one of the biggest bank in the country, however these large organisations need to comply and implement different forms or regulations to help provide efficient work in the world of business (Hasan, 2015). Operational risks, and the related controls required to mitigate them to an acceptable level, must be documented sufficiently to satisfy a number of key stakeholders including customers, the public, regulators, external auditors, business partners/associates and board members as well as to provide the basis for performing a comprehensive operational risk assessment. The NAB group measures its capital adequacy so that it can support its capital management purpose that includes: Complying with the regulatory capital requirements Maintaining flexibility in order to deal with the anticipated return Promoting Efficiency in the amount of capital Credit rating in the AA range Efficient development of capital References: Barberis, N., Greenwood, R., Jin, L. and Shleifer, A., 2015. X-CAPM: An extrapolative capital asset pricing model.Journal of Financial Economics,115(1), pp.1-24. Bodie, Z., Kane, A. and Marcus, A.J., 2014.Investments, 10e. McGraw-Hill Education. Dionne, G., Li, J. and Okou, C., 2013. An Extension of the Consuption-Based CAPM Model. Hasan, I., Siddique, A. and Sun, X., 2015. Monitoring the invisible hand of market discipline: Capital adequacy revisited.Journal of Banking Finance,50, pp.475-492.

Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease Essay Example

Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease Essay This short story is an excellent from the Irish author Bernard MacLaverty. It is an examination of a young boy called Neil Fry who suffers from a skin condition called psoriasis and how the other characters react to, and interacts with him. My intentions for this essay are to examine how MacLaverty uses various settings to highlight different attitudes and explore the effects of such attitudes on the main character in this text. The story revolves around Neil a young boy, whose mother is a single parent, who goes to spend part of his summer holiday with his friend Michael and his family. Michaels father is a doctor who has rented a Victorian terraced house in Scotland for the holiday. The holiday home is described as being full of collectables gathered from the owners travels to Africa and the Far East i. e. , the cupboard of black lacquer with a yellow inlay of exotic birds. Such items may make the reader think that the owner is well-travelled and open-minded but the rest of the house is neat and orderly with a place for everything and everything in its place as typical of those times. This portrays an image of an inhibiting environment much more typical of Victorian attitudes and standards. We will write a custom essay sample on Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Bernard MacLaverty More Than Just The Disease specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Importantly, the house does not belong to Michaels family but is used to represent an image of the family. The garden which is steep and terraced is also described as being equally well tended to. The house-owner, Mrs Wan, stays in a caravan at the bottom of the garden when the house is rented out. This setting is described in stark contrast to the main home. It is untidy and unkempt. This lady lives in an apparently slovenly and unrestrictive environment which seems to present an image of open-mindedness. Perhaps this lady has better things to do with her time than be preoccupied with trivia. The author maybe uses this contrast to highlight the various attitudes of the characters to Neils condition. The main character is Neil who suffers from severe psoriasis on his chest. He is ashamed and embarrassed by this ailment which is generally typified by inflamed patches of skin called lesions covered by silvery white scales. His outbreaks are described as: a redness with an edge as irregular as a map. Due to this skin condition, he will not go swimming with the rest of Michaels family. This causes them to ask questions because the weather is so warm: Im boiling already states Michael. Neil does not confide in Michael the true reason why he will not bear his skin probably partly because he may never have done so before and because as a peer, he assumes that Michael would probably be less than understanding. However, the friends relationship changes due to Neils efforts to stay covered and we can see from Michaels reactions: I might as well have asked a girl to come on holiday and useless bloody mamas boy that Michael is frustrated. Neil doesnt explain why he isnt joining in with all the activities so Michael presumes that he is dull and boring. Neil is used to being regarded as less sporty, less macho and altogether less useful as a companion. Michael is obviously regretting bringing Neil on holiday which makes Neil feel misunderstood . Neil perhaps would like to tell Michael of his problem but is afraid of rejection just because he is different. It ,then distances the friends from each other. Neils fist bunched in the sand. is a physical representation of his own frustration. In his interactions with Michaels mother, an element of humour is introduced as Neil puts all efforts into finding a valid excuse for not going swimming. The fact is Ive got my period. This obviously echoes from his mothers range of excuses but amuses the family as he clearly fails to understand the term. Michaels mother, however, does not probe any further probably to save him any further embarrassment but maybe also because she has no interest in solving his problem. Michaels sister was obviously quite keen for him to join in the fun at the beach but she too loses interest in him when he refuses to participate in the fun. Neil is probably quite used to feeling treated in this way and also quite adept at hiding any feelings of self-pity, anger, embarrassment and loneliness. In fact, he may often prefer to be alone to save having to make excuses at all. Throughout the text, Neils own views reflect those of his absent mother and he imagines what her comments would be in many situations: If there is one thing I cannot abide its a milk bottle on the table. It seems that his mothers views about his condition have also affected his own. When he suffered an inflammation which was apparent above his collar: that week his mother had kept him off school. The reasons for her actions could be numerous perhaps she herself did not know how to deal with it; perhaps she understood the condition but felt those around him would not; perhaps she felt that they wou ld be regarded as unclean and she already had the stigma and efforts of being a single parent to cope with. Whatever her reasons, Neils ability to deal with his condition and form relationships is affected by her views. He is very reluctant to confide in anyone. He also behaves much like a stereotypical only child in many ways very polite and good at casual conversation with adults. Neils life changes, however, when he encounters Mrs Wan for a second time. He has noticed that she seems different to those around him in that she wears baggy trousers, a turban-shaped hat and mens garden gloves. She appears in real contrast to his own mother who is portrayed as neat, orderly, thrift and concerned about appearances. Mrs Wan seems taken by Neils caring nature and mannerly disposition when he returns a stray kitten to her caravan although he may just also be taking the animal back as a way of avoiding the attentions of Michaels family and the whole beach experience at the time. Similarly, Neil also strikes her as very different from the other children such as Michael who habitually throws stones in her pond and who we suspect she has little time for because she mistakenly calls him Benjamin. The pair strike up a conversation and before he knows it, he has revealed his secret to her. Everything about this woman is honest and apparent which seems to set the standard for their conversation: this old woman seemed to demand the truth. He may have found it so easy to be honest with her because she was a stranger, because she was obviously quite worldly and little concerned with looks and because she seemed so approachable. She is unflinching when she examines his psoriasis and offers words of wisdom: Watch that you dont suffer from more than the disease. He claims that he does not understand and she elaborates: Its bad enough having it without being shy about it as well. This reaction is completely new to Neil and this conversation is a turning point in his life. He seems stronger and more mature after his conversations with her. When Michael suddenly approaches, he does not hurriedly cover up as he may well have done previously although there is obvious surprise and shock in Michaels voice on seeing the affected skin. Michael responds favourably as he appears to understand the reasons for Neils behaviour. The pair are re-united in friendship which is demonstrated by their late night swim. Neil is able to take part in a regular boy experience for the first time even if it is after dark. The short story therefore ends on a promising note. This boy who was so obviously troubled by his condition has been transformed and finds that through sharing his problem, he cements his friendships. Maybe he will find a popularity based on his own personality now rather than on his mothers ability to provide passes to the cinema. Neils disease had consumed him and dictated his lifestyle. He seems to have learned that that did not have to be the case.

Consumer Protection with Regard to the Ethics Code

Consumer Protection with Regard to the Ethics Code As psychology has developed, the efforts to provide consumer protection have promoted the establishment of specific rules, principles, and standards.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Protection with Regard to the Ethics Code specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In particular, the present set of standards and ethical issues has created the ground for analyzing the difference between consumer protections in such settings as assessment/testing and therapy/counseling. These settings undertaken by psychologists have certain differences and similarities with regard to consumer protection. The APA’s Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct is a set of rules and standard aimed at sustaining favorable relationships between a psychologist and a patient/client and introducing the basis for customer protection. Discussing the field of psychotherapy/counseling, all roles and aspects of psychologists†™ services are based on treating patients with regard to informed consent. In this respect, all clauses presented in the standards are aimed at minimizing the conflicts between a patient and a psychologist. Psychologists should inform their clients about all possible treatment techniques and methods to avoid ambiguity in future. In addition, they are prohibited to be engaged in sexual relationships to establish an objective ground for the course of therapy. The primary concern of a therapist, therefore, is to take reasonable efforts for supporting client’s privacy and objectivity of treatment (Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, 2010b). All these measures are created for preserving confidentiality and eliminating conflicts. Finally, the clauses related to the termination/interruption of therapy are designed for eliminating conflicts with the clients and minimizing the risk of confidential information leakage.Advertising Looking for essay on soci al sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Apart from similarities, there are some differences between consumer protections for therapy/counseling. The major difference in assessments lies in a number of clients resorting to professional help. In particular, if a psychologist involves one person in the course of therapy, he/she should not be engaged in several setting and roles. The main goal of a psychologist, therefore, is to choose an individual approach and ensure his/her client for quality of the treatment techniques. It should also be stressed that the number of people involved into treatment also identifies the extent of risk to be taken by a patient. In particular, the therapist should be aware of all nuances of relationships and the major aspect for assessing the conflict. Furthermore, psychologist should be able to identify the type of relationships he/her should have with each person (Ethical Principles of Psych ologists and Code of Conduct, 2010b). Finally, the differences in number of patients participating in similar therapeutic sessions also influence the circumstances under which psychologists should terminate the treatment. It involves such aspects as duration, nature of a problem, and techniques used for conducting a therapy. Discussing similarities between consumer protections for assessment/testing, all clauses are aimed at discussing the level of credibility and validity of methods, techniques, and information applied for the process of treatment. In particular, the aspects of validity and reliability are discovered through empirical, theoretical and evaluative evidence obtained in the course of therapy and through limits they created for a client. In other words, all data available for analyzing, testing, and assessing have been viewed through the prism of limitations and implications for a patient in terms of therapy efficiency, patient’s satisfaction, and appropriateness of techniques applied. The similarity is explicitly viewed when referring to first passages of clauses 9.01 and 9.02 where the first one states that â€Å"†¦psychologists documents the efforts they made and the result of these effort, clarify the probable impact of their limited information on the reliability and validity of their opinions, and appropriately limit the nature and extent of their conclusions or recommendations† (Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, 2010a).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Consumer Protection with Regard to the Ethics Code specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Similarly, clause 9.02 (b) reveals, â€Å"[p]sychologists use assessment instruments whose validity and reliability have been established for use with members of the populated tested. When such validity or reliability has not been established, psychologists describe the strengths and limitations of tes t results and interpretation† (Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, 2010a). The major difference between consumer protections for assessment/testing setting lies in the nature and character of information obtained from the client. This aspect greatly affects the results and further process of treatment. In particular, depending on the type of information received (either qualitative or quantitative), a psychologist makes use of different approaches for analyzing and assessing information and making further assumptions and opinions. Hence, â€Å"†¦the purpose, norms, validity, reliability, and applications† are clearly identified as soon as the information has been processed and classified (Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct, 2010a). It is also worth noticing that the previously established similarities of emerging limitations during the case will also be different if the character of collected data is different as well. Defi ning the differences and similarities between consumer protections for such broad settings as assessment and therapy plays a significant role in identifying the major aspects of clients’ care and treatment.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In particular, it enables psychologists to identify and classify the received information, instruments and techniques needed for facilitating the course of therapy and sustaining the principles of customer protection. Reference List Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct: Standard 9: Assessment (2010a). American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct: Standard 10: Therapy (2010b). American Psychological Association. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/ethics/code/index

Intertextuality In Films Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Intertextuality In Films - Essay Example The basic concept of intertextuality is that no text, much as it might like to appear so, is original and unique in itself. It is very useful concept; some might also say it is essential for literary studies. generally it is concerned with the cultural sign system. Intertextuality frequently occurs in popular media such as television shows, movies and even interactive video games. In these , intertextuality is often used to provide depth to the fictional reality portrayed in the medium, such as characters in one television show mentioning characters from another.intertextuality was first proposed by Julia Kristeva . According to her a single text that can consists of many texts or it is act of changing one set of sign into another. the use of intertextuality is perhaps the most useful and essential method of ensuring a successful show or film in today’s marketplace. as there are many source of entertainment available in today’s life apart from films, it is very useful f or modern and new directors to attract a particular audience. many directors and film makers refer to previous and old books, novels ,songs, history or remake many popular films, because the audience get familiar with the next story they see hear or read will remind them of some thing they have already experienced.

Student Achievements - Global Revisions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Student Achievements - Global Revisions - Essay Example The research concludes that all these factors play a major role in determining a student’s achievement in school. All educational institutions have the aim of promoting student achievement. There are different factors that positively or negatively affect the achievement of students. These include social, economic, environmental and political factors. In students’ achievement, different individuals have to pull forces to ensure that the process is successful. These individuals include teachers, parents and students. This paper analyses the positive effects of different factors that affect students’ achievement. A student’s achievement is influenced by several factors such as class size, family, motivation, teacher’s attitudes, a school’s culture and gender and therefore teachers should put these factors into perspective when teaching. Gross (2009) argues that student engagement in learning is an important factor in their success (Gross, 2009). Students can engage in the learning process through submission of assignments and agreeing to teachers instructions. Another form of students’ engagement in the learning process is class attendance. A teacher acts as a guide towards students’ engagement in class. The teacher should, therefore, design a strategy through which students can continuously participate in the learning process. One way through which a teacher can ensure student’s participation is by identifying individual differences among his learners. Use of questions and answers has been identified as one of the best method of engaging students in the process of learning (Capel & Whitehead, 2010). This method targets improving the learning capability of students and, teachers are encouraged to focus more on open ended questions. Such questions encourage thinking and hence enable students to achieve better results even if the students do not answer the questions (Kim, 2010). Teachers who ensure effective

The Music of Hollywood Films Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

The Music of Hollywood Films - Assignment Example Then one day an engineer comes to the village to build a dam. The engineer Rajeev had a very strange problem since his childhood and that was his inferiority complex regarding his looks. He thinks that he is very ugly and no one would like him. Then one day hears Roopa singing religious songs in the temple and meets her. As they continue to meet, both fall in love each other while Rajeev had no idea about the facial disfigurement of Roopa. Roopa did not tell him anything wither as she was scared of losing the only love of her life and kept Rajeev in dark. Rajeev falling deeper and deeper in Roopa’s loves goes to her father one day and seeks his permission to marry Roopa. Roopa’s Father happily agrees as He knew they both loved each other and all He could ask for was the happiness of her daughter. After getting married, Rajeev gets to know about the reality of Roopa and He thinks that she is not the girl he fell in love with and this was all a plan to cheat him. Disappointed and frustrated both, He kicks Roopa out of his house while Roopa pleaded and begged him to believe that she is the same girl he fell in love with and she did not cheat. Desperate for her love Roopa decides to meet her husband daily in the night with her face covered. Rajeev with this supposedly different girl falls in love and they start to meet every night. One day Roopa realizes that she is pregnant. Rajeev, when gets to know about this, suspects her again of cheating as he did not know that Roopa and that girl are the same people. Then one day, due to heavy rain, the dam breaks out and everything gets washed away in the rain. There Rajeev realizes how wrong he had been and saves her wife Roopa from the flood and gets her back to his home. There are many archetypes and stereotypes displayed in the movie. For example, how could two people fall in love with each other without even seeing each other face?

Professionalism in the Construction Industry

Professionalism in the Construction Industry Construction management is a challenging and demanding profession. In order to successfully complete a project, from the perspective of a Client, they will need the assistance of many construction professionals to help them realise their objective particularly from the feasibility to completion of a project. These construction professionals generally include architects, interior designers, surveyors, civil engineers, quantity surveyors, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers and structural engineers. These construction professionals have different specialities for example an architect will generally manage the design and construction of the project, whereas the structural engineer will ensure that the project is structurally stable, and the quantity surveyor will generally look after the financial aspects of a project. 2.0 The concept of Professionalism in the Construction Industry In order to understand the concept of Professionalism in Construction we first must examine the terms profession and professional. Carr (2000) suggests that wealth, prestige and self-regulation are characteristics of how you determine whether an occupation can be construed to be a Profession. In addition to this, Carr (2000) states that there are five further characteristic that allow you to determine whether an occupation can be said to be a profession and these include:- professions provide an important public service; they involve a theoretically as well a practically grounded expertise; that have a distinct ethical dimension which calls for expression in a code of practice; they require organisation and regulation for purposes of recruitment and discipline; and professional practitioners require a high degree of individual autonomy independence of judgement for effective practice A Professional is said to be a person who is paid to undertake a specialised set of tasks and to complete them for a fee. Most professionals are governed by Professional Institutes who set the strict rules regulating their conduct and ethical behaviour. Professionals are said to be experts and/or specialists in the field that they participate. Professionals are said to have specialist knowledge in their particular field of work. The qualities and/or traits and/or attributes of a professional have been stated to be; trustworthiness, competent, respectful, displays integrity, considerate, courteous, dependable, cooperative, committed. Sockett (1993) believes that professional needs to be self-governed and their actions should be based on sound professional practices in their particular field. Sockett (1993) confirms that being a professional means having moral vision, sense, and purpose. In addition Sockett (1993) states that the essence of understanding the term professional is that it describes the persons behaviour and performance, but does not describe the person and their status. Maister (1997) argues that Professional is not a label you give yourself, its a description you hope others will apply to you A professional will exhibited a high standard of professional ethics, while carrying out ones profession Professionalism is said to be the demonstration of all the traits and/or attributes of being a professional and will decide how successful you are in your job. These traits include positive attitudes, courteous behaviour, good vocabulary, smart appearance, self-belief. The judgement of whether a person has Professionalism is subjective, and it is not solely because they wear a nice suit, but its a combination of these traits that give people the image of a professional. These traits and/or attributes are briefly discussed below:- Attitude No just whether a person is upbeat, a professional will find ways to overcome obstacles and find solutions to the problem. Competence You need to know what youre talking about in your field of work and be able to recommend solutions. Communication Skills Be able to effectively communicate ideas, speak in clear terms and make complex subjects understandable to all concerned. Appearance Clean and appropriate clothing that fit properly will help portray the image of a professional (you dont necessarily need an expensive suite) Appropriateness Keep thing appropriate and avoid going off on unrelated tangents. Furthermore, professionals are expected to establish and maintain professional boundaries to enhance their professionalism within the construction industry. The need for Professional Boundaries are generally required to ensure that the Construction Professionals effectively communicate using appropriate language, keep information private and confidential, not to take advantages and exploit clients whilst engaged in their services, and not to fuel gossip in the office. 3.0 Who are the professional roles within the Construction Industry? In the modern day construction industry, many managers, technical people, skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled people are needed in order to successfully complete the project on time and within budget. In order to effectively manage the many work items and/or construction related activities a professional project team is needed to make sure the project is constructed using the required technology, to the required standards and using the most cost effective methods. Each construction project will need a team to translate the design into reality. The team for a building project will generally consist of architects, interior designers, surveyors, structural engineers, mechanical engineers, electrical engineers, quantity surveyors, building engineers, civil engineer. These construction professionals deal with a variety of the key activities that are required to manage the project i.e. time, money, equipment, technology, people management. These professional will look at a project from incept ion to completion. They will be challenged throughout the process to come up with innovated ideas, solutions to overcome the many obstacles that they will be confronted during the course of the project and these may include:- Organisation of resources Sequencing of the various work items for the project Achieving budgets Completion of the various work items within the stipulated time Integrating organisations Balancing the conflict interest of the stakeholders and end users Appreciation of the various technology and methods available to undertake the project. It is the duty and obligation of each of the Construction professionals to exercise all reasonable skills, care and diligence and display their skills according to the Professional Standards that generally govern the disciple that they practice. By looking at the four main professional roles in the construction industry and these include the Architect, Civil Engineer, Project Manager, Quantity Surveyor and their respective roles and responsibilities, this will give an insight into how these professionals succeed in the construction industry. 3.1 Architect Roles An architect is a person that must be registered with a recognised Architect Registration Board in order to practice their profession. To practice architecture general means that a service in connection with the design and construction of a building has been offered. According to Bredemeyer Consulting (2006), a simplistic way of looking at the role of an Architect is that they create architectures, and their responsibilities included everything necessary to accomplish this. This includes creating the vision and the concept, then experimenting with the alternatives to make the vision and concept reality. In addition to this, the Architect in conjunction with a team of construction professionals need to prepare the technical drawings and specification in order to make the vision a reality. Similarly Architects during their construction role, advises the Client on awards of contract, monitors progress, responds to technical queries issued by the Contractor, issues supplementary drawing and specifications, reviews all technical and document transmittals issued by the Contractor, issues site instructions, provide contract administration, and certify the Contractors interim payment certificates. The role of the Architect will generally dependent on the nature of the appointment and the scope of their service agreement. However, the role of the Architect is not just limited to these technical activities, particularly when you become more senior within an organisation, other challenging aspects of the role of an Architect will then come into play for example business strategy, organisational politics, consulting and leadership. 3.2 Civil Engineer Role A Civil Engineer (in the context of this report the equivalent of an Architect albeit in the Civil Engineering industry) like an Architect, plans things, designs things, constructs things, improves things albeit in the field of infrastructure, bridges roads etc. There are a number of specialities that a Civil Engineer may specialise in, and these include geotechnical, structural, transportation, hydraulic and environmental, costal, material engineering. It is normal for a Civil Engineer to have graduated from a university with a degree, but it is not mandatory that a Civil Engineer needs to be licensed; this will depend entirely on where you live in the world. In the UK, a professional engineer may decide to join the Chartered Institute of Civil Engineers which is the equivalent of a licensed engineer in many other areas of the world. Again like the Architect, the Civil Engineer (also known as a Resident Engineer) in the construction phase of a project will monitor the works to ensure that the required workmen and quality standards are being achieved and monitor the progress of the works. The Civil Engineer also advises the Client on awards of contract, responds to technical queries issued by the Contractor, issues supplementary drawing and specifications, reviews all technical and document transmittals issued by the Contractor, issues site instructions, provide contract administration, and certifies the Contractors interim payment certificates The role of the Civil Engineer will generally dependent on the nature of the appointment and the scope of their service agreement. 3.3 Construction Project Manager Role A Construction Project Manager (CPM) whilst being in charge of the project as a whole has four key areas to manage and these include; Time, Cost, Quality and Scope. The CPM must possess a number of general management skills in order to achieve the projects objects as well as Interpersonal skills and these are briefly discussed below:- Time Management Prepares the time schedule and monitors progress against the baseline programme Quality Management Ensure that the requirements of the specifications are adhered too Cost Management prepares the cost budgets and implements cost control measures Resource Management Identifies and manages the resources required to undertake the project labour, plant, equipment, materials, subcontractors and specialised services. Procurement Purchasing / Hiring of all the required resources Risk Management Identification, classification, analysis and then formulating the appropriate risk response. Integration Management How to get all the various work items and stakeholders to work together in a systematic way to achieve the projects objectives Project Scope Management Identification and fulfilment of the project scope of works Leadership skills, Influential Skills, Negotiation Skills, Persuasive, Conflict Management, Project Managers wishing to obtain professional certification in Construction Project Management, may obtain them from the Project Management Institute. 3.4 Quantity Surveyors Role A Quantity Surveyor (QS) is a professional working within the Construction Industry and is generally involved in the financial aspects of a project The RICS (2003) identified that a QS should provide a number of services during the course of a project. In the pre-contract stage, the QS should help and prepare the preliminary cost plan, evaluate the various design proposals in terms of cost, implement cost control measures in the detailed design stage to ensure that the budget is not exceeded, maintain and develop the cost plan. During the tender stage, the QS should advise on the tender documentation and assist with the Architect / Civil Engineer on awards of Projects. The QS during the construction phase also needs to prepare recommendations for interim payments, post-contract cost control and final account. In addition to this, the QS should provide and price bills of quantities, prepare cost analysis, advise on financial implications, provide measurement of areas, provide advice on contractual matters. There are many areas where a QS could specialise and these include construction, oil gas, power industry, building, civil engineering. The Main distinction will be whether the QS is from a Professional Practice (often called a PQS) or those that work for the various construction organisations (often called Main Contractors QS). To help maintain the standards of the professions, one of the many professional bodies such as the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyors provides education, defines the standards, and sets strict codes of practice and ethics for all its members to follow 4.0 The concept and Practise of Professional Liability At some stage in the career of a Professional, things will go wrong and will result in some else unfairly being subjected to harm and/or additional cost (in the context of a construction project, the Employer). This could be caused by an error, an act of negligence, or an omission during the course of a professionals work. The result of which will be a breach of a legal obligation and this is commonly known as Professional Liability. In order to protect themselves from such a liability, professionals can obtain professional liability insurance. However in recent times, it has proved difficult to obtain this insurance which has led professional to look at the various other alternatives in the market that will help to protect them from Professional Liability. Indemnity Agreements By simply transferring the risk via indemnity agreements. Evidence of Professional Liability from Design Professionals A simple certificate of insurance that only gives the basic information i.e. the insured party, the insurer, policy number, policy term and limits. The full extent of the insurance coverage and/or limitation is not readily available. Professional Protective Insurance Provides first party indemnity for damages which are in excess of the professional liability insurance. This type of policy supplements the existing Professional Indemnity insurance where the Client desires further protection on a particular project. Project Professional Liability Insurance (P.L.I) Allows the Client to have the benefit of one project specific P.L.I policy where all the professional participating in a project are named on the one single site specific policy. The role of Professional Organisation in the Construction Industry Due to the ever changing world and construction industry, Professional Institutions are tasked with the role of raising professional standards, knowledge and training within the industry. To help achieve these goals, the institutions develop educational programmes to ensure that their members respond to the changing work environment and are equipped with all the knowledge and skills required to practice in their profession. In addition to this, Institutions strive to improve their service to both members and industry, encourage sustainable construction practices, publish both magazines and journals to help improve the knowledge of their members. There are numerous Institutions that target specific disciplines for example; and to name but a few:- the Institute of Civil Engineer target Civil Engineers, the Royal Institute of Chartered Surveyor target Surveyors, the Chartered Institute of Builders target builders. To become a member of an Institution, you must generally satisfy their academic requirements before undertaking their Professional Development Plan which aims to ascertain over a period of time whether you have the required skills and competences to qualify as a full member. Once qualified as a full member, the Institutions believe that Continual Professional Development (CPD) is an essential part of being a member. According to Construction Industry Council (UK), CPD is the Systematic maintenance, improvement and broadening of knowledge and skills, and the development of personal qualities necessary for the execution of professional and technical duties throughout the working like. In addition to the above, the Institution sets the ethical codes that govern how the Professional should conduct themselves whilst practicing their discipline. The role of Construction related business organisations One of the fundamental roles of the construction related business organisations is to provide its members with access to educational tools inclusive of industry news that they may not ordinarily be available in their profession. These organisations help construction business, professionals, students and others to:- maintain standards, guide them, strengthen economic performance, raise levels of knowledge and performance. These organisations can be government departments, societies, and regulatory authorities and they include some of the following organisations:- C.I.T.B Construction Skills Energy Saving Trusts English Heritage Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reforms (BERR) 7.0 Conclusion Due to the rapidly changing and evolving construction industry, professionals are needed to maintain high standards and produce quality work. Therefore to standardise, regulate, maintain the knowledge needed by professionals in industry, the role of Institutions and the construction related businesses will continue to be needed by their members for many years to come. Professionalism in the Construction Industry Professionalism in the Construction Industry Who are the professionals in construction industry? The Professionalism in Constructions is a combination of derived significant activities of professionals. This is mainly related with their job tasks, such as; an active demonstration of the traits of professionals, also the level of professionalism can be evaluated how successful you are in your job and also it can be decided how others view on you and how far you have developed in your career level as well. Some specific professionals in construction industry, for example; Architects, Civil Structural Engineers, Mechanical Electrical Engineers, Project Managers and Quantity Surveyors whom are well-trained and highly educated and experienced experts. They are contributing with their specific knowledge and experience for the successful completion of projects. And also they have vital responsibilities and duties within their entire roles; for instance, Preparation of drawings, Specifications, BOQ, Contract Conditions and Agreements. Furthermore deal with the Time, Money, Technology, Equipments, operatives and materials for managing of construction projects and organize the project resources. The professional organizations usually provide comprehensive betterment to the professionals, such as; initial professional development and being a member in an institution. It furnishes free education and training, participation in conference and seminars, network opportunities and get privilege to use on line recourses. Hence some professional organizations are especially vital to the construction industry, for example; Professionals are licentiated as RICS, CIOB, RIBA, AIQS, SLIQS, and IESL etc. as a result of this, professionals can develop their knowledge and make improvement the level of professionalism appropriately. Further, certain business related organizations provide collaboration of professionals to share with their knowledge and experience. Hence, Professionals are able to use organization resources to success of their projects, some of them are significantly important to constructions industry, such as; reference of FIDIC in international, reference of ICTAD in Sri Lanka and also reference of Business Enterprise Regulatory Reform (BERR) in the United Kingdom. INTRODUCTION This report comprehensively discuss about the study of Professionalism in Constructions industry. The Aim is getting of knowledge and awareness of Professionalism, about various construction related Professional Organizations and their role in the Construction Industry. Particularly discuss through the following major key points by investigating briefly: The concept of Professionalism Professionals roles within the Construction Industry. The concept and practice of Professional Liability The role of Professional Organizations in the Construction Industry. The role of Construction related business organizations. MAIN BODY DISCUSSIONS The Professionalism Define Concept of Professionalism Concept of the Professionalism basically explained herewith, on specialists point of view, most of authors have defined the concept of professionalism in considerable volume. According to the article of Journal of Chiropractic Humanities 2005  © NUHS (Stuart Kinsinger) Professionalism is defined as Professionalism is service through the use of specialized knowledge, skills, and experience; holding oneself to the highest standards of thought, word, and deed. Concerning to the above explained comment, it can be identified clearly what the concept of professionalism is, Further professionalism can be described as; It is an active demonstration of the traits of professionals, The level of professionalism can be evaluated how successful you are in your job. It can also be decided how others view on you and how far you develop your career level. Whatsoever, professionalism cannot be evaluated just in appearance; like neatness, good grooming, and shop-talk as well. It should be really evaluated through the technical skilled, inner strengths, attitudes and honest work done. Besides, concerning of the professionals in construction industry; will be deeply discussed in next steps, therefore it is further required to study the history of professionalism in constructions to get a proper knowledge about constructions professionals professionalism. History of Professionalism in Construction industry History of professionalism has been shown since in the beginning of civilization in this world, nevertheless refer to the construction industry, professionalism shows at the early stage of Second World War in 1942, when considering to issued records by US Naval Mobile Construction Battalion five, Command History, that battalion has earned a reputation for excellence and professionalism during the 54 years of its existence. Also they have built airstrips, hospitals, bridges, roads, and have provided humanitarian and disaster recovery assistance in almost every part of the world. Hence it appears clearly, there should be a particular characteristics and attributes in professionalism. Characteristics and Attributes of Professionalism There are number of special characteristics and attributes in professionalism to implement within the professional bodies. This characterizes give much influence to success of professionalism in their trades. It is as follows; Attitude this is very important characteristic of professionalism, there should be positive attitude, and hence it will help to increase business success, Appearance -Wearers clean cloth is very important for make the business in positive way continuously, hence this positive appearance will significantly help to the business success., Behavior to be expressed well-mannered, calm matters, should not be spite, Vocabulary- Should be use always right words, not suitable to use big words because level of professionalism is often judged by vocabulary, Mindset- Pattern of the way of thinking of professionals Also above specialized characterizes can be judged by particular facts identified to obtain real professionalism in constructions. How is Professionalism Judged? According to the book Up The Corporate Ladder Professionalism in The Workplace written by Elsabà © Manning (owner of the Success Factory), Professionalism is judged by the following facts: such as, Responsibility and accountability, business etiquette, Telephone and e-etiquette, Manners, Communication, Relationships, Competence, Respectfulness, Trustworthiness, Empathy and compassion, Emotional maturity, Image, etc; So then, above mentioned facts are used to judge the level of professionalism, hence further needs to understand exactly about professionals and their roles relevant to the construction industry. The professionals of Construction Industry Definition Mostly education, work culture, morals, work ethics, positive thinking, open mind make anybody into a professional, out of these six points, at least four should be present to become a good, valuable professional.  Further explanations; a professional is a person who is paid to take over a specialized set of tasks and to complete them for a fee. The key measures for professionals as follows: They should have expert and specialized knowledge in their carrier, Excellent practical and literary skills, Basically high quality work to be exhibited, A high standard of professional ethics, behaviors and work activities, Work morale and motivation in reasonable level. Suitable treatment of relationships with social group. Who are the professionals in Construction Industry? In general, there are highly qualified and well trained professionals are contributing within their specific knowledge and experience to deliver the projects in construction industry in successful. There are few key professionals in the construction industry, identified as, Architects, Project Managers, Civil Engineers, Structural Engineers, Mechanical Engineers, Electrical Engineer and Quantity Surveyors. Basically, they categorized within their involvement with job environment, some of them are working as client representatives, and some are assigned to design teams, also assigned to builders and maintenance firms. Roles of professionals in Construction industry Most of construction projects or firms employ reputed professionals to get proper management process in order to archive projects goals, contribution with the professionals specialized roles. Architects, Engineer Consultants, Builders and Quantity Surveyors, whom are the professionals in construction industry, hence further will discuss concerning the significant roles of them relevant to the construction projects as a professional teams, Particular points of key roles of them are given below; Usually they prepare designs including drawings, specifications, BOQ, Contact Agreements and Conditions of Contracts, As well as they are dealing with Time, Money, Technology, Equipments,, Operatives and Materials to manage the construction projects, They are employed directly by clients, They shall organize the project resources to execute project activities to manage them properly and complete the project on time, maintain the Quality, Cost Control, maintain of Environment and Safety measures. Further their roles are briefly described as follows; The Architect According to the Wikipedia, an architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight/supervision of the construction of buildings and further architect should be visiting site periodically for inspections to ensure that in general, the work being carried out on site is in compliance with architectural designs and specifications. Generally, Architect should have proper education qualifications and also should have good training back ground to deliver their knowledge for the project success in terms of sustainability and safety of end users. Also there are Landscapes Architects, Town Planners, Infrastructures and building Architects whom are categorized on discipline on service and they involve as a team or one person. Engineer Consultant According to the Bamisile (2004), during the construction phase Engineers (Civil, electrical, mechanical, geotechnical and structural) should visit the site often for inspections, and to be ensured that all activities going on compliance with their engineering drawings, specifications and schedules. Also they should be concerned with monitoring and ensuring methods and materials. Normally engineer consultants joint as a reputed individual firm with development projects. Also involve for selecting the project by way of tender or by nomination. A Fee also will be charged by Engineers as a parentage basis. The Builder The Builder is employed by the client, on the advice of the Architect or the  Architectural technologist. A builder must first assess the project-specific documents (referred to as tender documents). In the case of renovations, a site visit is required to get a better understanding of the project. The builder will then calculate a price, also called an estimate. The builder considers the cost of materials and equipment as well as the cost of labor to provide the owner with an approximate price for the project. The Quantity Surveyor (Cost Consultant) Quantity surveyor is the person/ firm who manage the cost relating to the construction projects, such as new constructions, maintenance work and renovations. Quantity surveyor monitors the cost of every aspects of a construction project as a cost expert, as well as seeks to minimize the costs of the project and to make more cost savings while ensuring the total cost of project does not exceed the estimated cost. Furthermore when study about Architects, Engineers Quantity Surveyors as Construction Professionals, also have to be identified their duties and Responsibilities properly. Duties and responsibilities of professionals in Construction industry In general Architects, Project managers, engineers and quantity surveyors are the most important persons whom are involved as professionals in construction industry. Therefore, they have to be very respectable and well care of their duties and responsibilities according to their work sectors. Their duties and responsibilities could be described in brief as mentioned below; Architect Contribution for initial discussions and consultations which relevant to design and plans with a person or a business organization in satisfactory level. Should be understood clearly about clients intended objectives and explaining them. Getting clear idea of Clients budget which is expected to invest for projects and consulting with suggestions for any alternatives may be required. Preparing initial proposals subsequent to discussions with client. Studying environmental impact and the effect having with proposed structure. Follow-up feasibility studies and how it affected for constructions in specific locations. Attending site selections and produce a cost analysis as a part of the initial proposals. Explain all aspects of initial proposals to client very briefly. To be worked altogether with client to get a final product as plans and important designs. All design and plans with respect to the rule and regulation of government and relevant organizations and institutions respectively. Civil Engineers The civil engineers are engaging with many activities at the beginning of the project and up to the end of the project. Hence, some of their key roles are as follows; Analyzing various factors and areas concerning construction. Analyzing, searching and investigate the site location and ensure its feasibility for construction purpose. Preparing key essential plans to determine what need to be changed prior to implement tasks. Develop detailed design drawings according to the clients requirements. Review and issuing approval for project designs and reports. Identifying potential risks and disputes of the project. Taking necessary actions for risk management. Follow up rules, regulations and guidelines in relevant to the project. Verify the safety activities during the project implementation. Study different equations, strategies, and applications to make certain appropriate procedures and applications. Supervision of all works and monitors staff duties and operations at site. Keeping well communication with stakeholders of project; Project Architects, consultant, sub contractors and client. Preparing schedule for purchase of materials and equipments. Ensure that the project is completed by the committed time within the planned budget. Preparation of defect list or snags list and involve with handing over process. The Quantity Surveyor Pre Contract stage Elemental Cost Estimate Measurements Bill Of Quantity Preparation Tender Document Preparation Analyzing Estimating and Tendering Tender Evaluation Tender Clarification Meetings Negotiation Meetings Post Contract stage Kick of Meeting Progress on Site Variation Order Calculations Variation Order negotiation Payment Certifications Financial Statements Final Accounts The Construction Project Manager Prepare master program to the overall project and agree with the employer. Appointing consultants and contractors by tendering. Financial advice to the employer and cost control. Coordinating all parties and gets the work done. Risk, quality, time, scope cost management. Communication negotiations. Complete and handover the project to the agreed master program. In this report discussed about few professionals, moreover there are other professionals are involved with construction industry, some of them are very important and their activities are required to complete the project satisfactorily. They are Land surveyors, geological surveyors, Draftsmen, Human Resources managers, Clerk of works, Business and legal advisors. Furthermore, need to be discussed in brief about Professional Organizations having relationship with the Professionals. The Constructions professionals organizations What is Professional organization? Professional organizations usually give comprehensive betterment to the professionals such as, initial professional development and also being a member in an institution as free education and training, attending to conference and seminars, network opportunities and get privilege to use on line recourses, Hence some professional organizations are especially vital to the construction industry, for example; Professionals are licentiated as RICS, CIOB, RIBA, AIQS, SLIQS, and IESL etc. as a result of this, professionals can develop their knowledge and make improvement the level of professionalism appropriately. The role of professional organizations in the construction industry In general, here with discussed about common roles briefly, Maintain the standards of the professions in the construction industry Maintain superlative knowledge (Training, Seminars, CPD, PDP) Develop professional education to respond to changing environment to meet current and future operation needs. Improve services to members and up-grading services in industry. Encouraging of sustainable constructions Publishing books, magazines and other publications to develop the knowledge of members. Maintain and improve the quality of the built environment. The Benefits of Joining with Professional institutions The Construction professional institutions provide most important benefits for the professionals body to improve their professionalism actively. The few benefits of professional institutes are given below; Possible to expand the professional network Consistent updates on current industry trends and developments. A chance to increase awareness of work place. Can be discovered other companies activities. A chance to use monthly, quarterly, and annual newsletters. magazines Have particular strategies for attending the meeting An opportunity to joint with CPD, professional development plan Volunteer to join a committee within the association. Follow up with your new contacts. Annual membership fee of most reputed professional institutes are very high, however some companies provide institutes membership fee and training expenditures according to the requirement of the employers at that time. Further studying the benefits and specific roles of professional institutes, conclusively following table will shows function different of few institutes. (Refer to Table 01) Organizations Roles, Functions Professionals liability in Constructions Generally professionals liabilities are the legal obligation with professionals errors, negligence or omissions during the course of practice of work. Hence there are few identified key professionals liabilities in construction industry, those are as follows; Design errors, for instance; methods, means of construction drawings Construction inspection, Quality control and quality assurance Contractual liability from a sub contract design entity Health and safety of site Coordination and scheduling Normally at the design and management phases of project, effect of professionals liabilities are high than other phases, Above identified liabilities in construction professionals, further required to protect them using Construction insurance and policies. Those are as follows; Workmans Compensation policy (will cover liability of an employer for employment, injured, payment of Compensation etc.)) Contractors risk insurance (cover damage of property, liability of third party claims for injure or death, material and machinery damage) Professional liability insurance (All design firms, professional services, contractor and constructions manger) The role of Constructions related business organizations The business related organizations provide collaboration of professionals to share with their knowledge and experience. Hence, Professionals are able to use organization resources to success of their projects, some of them are significantly important to constructions industry, such as; reference of FIDIC in international, reference of ICTAD in Sri Lanka and also reference of Business Enterprise Regulatory Reform (BERR) in the United Kingdom Following are the key roles of business related organizations; Maintain standards in the industry Provide recourse as and when needed Strengthen the economic performance Increase peoples understanding Create conditions for business success Raise levels of productivity Help produce professionals in the industry and maintain standards Help with research work/ training and CPD Helps maintain connection with world wide By these major key roles can identify which contain their relationship with construction industry clearly. Therefore those functions significantly influence the success of projects in construction industry actively. CONCLUSION/RECOMMENDATIONS This study make following conclusion finally, certainly, particular employers aptitudes can be performed within special characteristics and attributes accompanied with professionalism such as, Ethics Qualification, Skill, Experience, Communication Skills, Initiative. These are vital facts for improve of the professionalism in construction industry.

Human Nature in Sebastian Faulks Birdsong and Arthur Millers The Cruc

Human Nature in Sebastian Faulks' Birdsong and Arthur Miller's The Crucible Both The Crucible, a play written by Arthur Miller, and the novel, Birdsong, by Sebastian Faulks, are pieces of literature based around historical events. Miller's play is set during the Salem Witch trials of 1692 and Birdsong concentrates primarily on characters involved in the First World War which took place from 1914 to 1918. Both of these periods in history are examples of times when human beings have displayed the darker side to their nature: the capacity to kill. Both Faulks and Miller have attempted to explore the reasons behind their character's actions along with the mechanisms and strong emotions within humans that make ordinary people capable of committing atrocities. However, the authors also highlight the positive aspects of human nature, the great love, courage and loyalty which manages to emerge unscathed out of the most horrific circumstances. As I have already mentioned both The Crucible and Birdsong explore man's capacity to kill other human beings. The two pieces, however, approach this subject in very different ways. Arthur Miller's play, set during the Salem Witch hunt, concentrates on the various emotions, such as fear, greed and revenge, driving individuals to accuse their friends and neighbours of witchcraft. Birdsong, on the other hand, depicts a much larger conflict and focuses more on the ability of the soldiers to withstand the horrors that they are witnessing and committing everyday. In his play, The Crucible, Arthur Miller illustrates a great number of human emotions and tensions within the Salem community which, when combined, result in the execution of many people on the grounds that they are... ...he dangers of forgetting the past. Elizabeth's life seems so tranquil compared to that of Stephen Wraysford but the fact that the Second World War followed so shortly after the First demonstrates how easy it is for mankind to repeat the errors of the past. Equipped with this knowledge the reader realises that even Elizabeth's comfortable, peaceful lifestyle is vulnerable and at risk. The Crucible and Birdsong, in their different ways, both highlight the complexity of human nature where love, loyalty and honesty co-exist with hatred, fear and suspicion. This means that even in times of conflict and slaughter people display the ability to love, trust and make sacrifices. However the greatest flaw in mankind's makeup is the ability to forget the horrors of the past, therefore allowing the continual repetition throughout history of the same, fatal mistakes.

Critical Thinking Discussion and Summary Essay

I don’t know if there is a universal correct definition of critical thinking. I think this a very individualistic tool used by humans to break down different problems and situations and the best way to go about coming up with the best resolution in a non-biased manner. Gathering a thought process that is reasonable and with demeanor. This is simply how I would personally define critical thinking. Thinking things over more than once, second guessing yourself here and there, seeing things from multiple perspectives, and most importantly thinking if your thoughts would be different from the other side of an argument or situation. I think critical thinking is important for us to fully understand ourselves and our situations as well as others and their situations. Critical thinking is considering multiple angles and viewpoints and trying to understand them and where they come from, as well as why they exist. In my life personally, critical thinking has always been something I would like to think I’ve had due to being raised in a very diverse atmosphere and a very diverse community. I’ve seen racism towards more than one race, I’ve seen both sides of different biases, and I have lived in a small town closed minded community as well as the middle of a large densely populated city. It makes you think differently than most around you. It seems like you feel differently than most around you. There isn’t much that surprises you so there aren’t many situations that you are uncomfortable in. You think before you act, you think before you speak, and you take time and consideration to realize the type of environment you are in and the people you are surrounded by. Things like this don’t go through every young person’s mind before acting or speaking. You slow down, you react calmer, and you try not to get too high or too low. From this course I don’t think I’m looking for how to think critically as much as why some of us do think critically and some of us don’t. I think I’m looking for more reasoning for the differential than a definition of critical thinking.

Free Essays on Angle Of Repose And Ego States

Throughout the entire novel, the narrator, Lyman Ward, illustrates all of the three ego states, Parent, Adult and Child. Lyman’s physical state and encounters with others influence his ego state status. The retired professor’s ego states are brought out by his work and the people he interacts with. When Lyman Ward interacts with Shelly Rasmussen, the aide that performs secretarial duties, he normally is in his Parent ego state. Shelly’s choice of life style and intellect creates a conflict between the professor and the aide. When she begins to question him on his grandmother’s sexual conduct he attempts to control her actions by questioning her and telling her that was the way it was â€Å"that’s what they would have done, turned out the light.† Also, when talking about his ex-wife, Lyman Ward becomes short and quickly ends a conversation with his son, Rodman. Lyman directs Rodman’s behavior by ending the conversation quickly and telling him that he has nothing to say to her and that should be told to her. When writing his novel, Lyman, is in the Adult ego state. With little emotion, Lyman dictates the historical account of his grandmother’s transient life. Being a retired professor of history, he describes the all the people and places with a historical accuracy that his career allowed him. Lyman describes all the events in his grandmother’s life as they were, helping the reader of his book understand and learn the history of his life. Lyman goes into the Adult ego state once again when he thinking about Ada’s version of Shelly’s marital situation. He is trying to describe to himself what is correct and not correct and avoid the motherly biases that Ada has. Later in the book, Lyman questions himself. He questions his intentions, why he is doing what his is doing and why he is there. This is another sign that Lyman is in his Adult ego state. He is answering the questions with factual and neutral answers. Lyman... Free Essays on Angle Of Repose And Ego States Free Essays on Angle Of Repose And Ego States Throughout the entire novel, the narrator, Lyman Ward, illustrates all of the three ego states, Parent, Adult and Child. Lyman’s physical state and encounters with others influence his ego state status. The retired professor’s ego states are brought out by his work and the people he interacts with. When Lyman Ward interacts with Shelly Rasmussen, the aide that performs secretarial duties, he normally is in his Parent ego state. Shelly’s choice of life style and intellect creates a conflict between the professor and the aide. When she begins to question him on his grandmother’s sexual conduct he attempts to control her actions by questioning her and telling her that was the way it was â€Å"that’s what they would have done, turned out the light.† Also, when talking about his ex-wife, Lyman Ward becomes short and quickly ends a conversation with his son, Rodman. Lyman directs Rodman’s behavior by ending the conversation quickly and telling him that he has nothing to say to her and that should be told to her. When writing his novel, Lyman, is in the Adult ego state. With little emotion, Lyman dictates the historical account of his grandmother’s transient life. Being a retired professor of history, he describes the all the people and places with a historical accuracy that his career allowed him. Lyman describes all the events in his grandmother’s life as they were, helping the reader of his book understand and learn the history of his life. Lyman goes into the Adult ego state once again when he thinking about Ada’s version of Shelly’s marital situation. He is trying to describe to himself what is correct and not correct and avoid the motherly biases that Ada has. Later in the book, Lyman questions himself. He questions his intentions, why he is doing what his is doing and why he is there. This is another sign that Lyman is in his Adult ego state. He is answering the questions with factual and neutral answers. Lyman...